Land use is the most direct manifestation of human activities, accompanied by changes in land cover. It is also the duty of the representative republic to inform its citizens of their rights, and the candidacy for the elections needs to be transparent since city council members to local judges to mayors, and state legislators are all appointed through voting in the United States. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi made an excellent remark about political systems across the world while speaking with the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations last week. This is the logical extension of China-U.S. competition from the perspective of U.S. economic nationalism. A cleaner in Chongqing now owns several apartments because the CCP reformed property laws. The city of Rongcheng, for example, uses big data (available to the government through surveillance and other data-capturing infrastructure) to give people individualized social credit scores. These are used to reward or punish citizens according to their political and financial virtues or vices. Reforming Sino-American Cultural Exchange for the Better. When Nixon first visited China, in 1972, the differences between the two countries were vast, in political and economic systems and of course in ideology. Moving from Beijing to Shanghai has made my Mandarin worse. The country itself remains so diverse that some minority groups even have their own autonomous administrative divisions which include regions, prefectures and counties. Our firm, PAG, invests throughout Asia and occasionally beyond. The pandemic has profoundly shaken the U.S. sense of superiority in values, culture and systems since the Enlightenment, and by extension the entire West. Weijian Shan was born in China and had his life upended by the Cultural Revolution. Since China is a communist and one-party state, citizen engagement is lower in comparison to democratic states. This paper will compare two great countries the United States and China by looking in details how and why their legal and political systems differ, explain what determines the level of economic development in each country. Political discourse in China remains anchored in Marxist-Leninist ideas of struggle (douzheng) and contradiction (maodun)both seen as attributes that force a necessary and even healthy confrontation that can help achieve a victorious outcome. Our response? Additionally, before starting a business internationally, it is important to consider additional factors that the law systems of that country do not consider since failure to do so can result in loss of profit. Sometimes, in fact, it must sacrifice economic benefits for political or military ones. China's Transition from Socialism? Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the United States. There are major differences in the political views of people from different nations.. eligion is another topic that creates differences among cultures.. Seventy years on, many Chinese believe that their political system is now actually more legitimate and effective than the Wests. This is the most appropriate entry point to reveal the evolution of human-land relationships. Chinas rulers, therefore, see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. A median of 41% across the 14 EU member nations surveyed name China, compared with a median of 39% who say the same about the United States. The top diplomat also condemned the U.S.'s description of his country as "authoritarian" simply because its democracy is different than America's. What is the political difference between China and the USA? Jimmy Dore delivered a monologue on the history of the Russia-Ukraine conflict and how a "tiny cabal" are using the situation for profit on Friday's broadcast of 'Tucker Carlson Tonight' on FOX News. From the U.S. perspective, upholding the banner of freedom and democracy no longer matters. Lets imagine the personal history of a Chinese woman who is 65 today. Photo by Charles Clegg [CC BY-SA 2.0] Capitalism's global victory has been achieved through two different types of capitalist systems: the liberal meritocratic capitalism that has developed incrementally in the West, and the state-led authoritarian capitalism that is exemplified by China. It is, therefore, against nature itself and arguably a violation of international human and legal rights for anyone to attempt to get rid of diversity, which is exactly what the U.S. is trying to do all across the world through its messianic zeal in imposing its political system onto all others. The basic structures of both legal system are extremely similar. /Getty. Additionally, in such a system, services and products are distributed and offered by the individuals working privately and independently with limited regulation from the government. It is important to understand the background of the. Along with China's economic and military rise, its leading political values will increasingly shape both China and the world at large. While the U.S. political system is partly inspired by the British example, it differs in many important respects. But the state-owned sector remains too big and inefficient. This is the best approach for one to have and ensures that its partnerships remain everlasting. That means not that these people are unconcerned with long-term outcomes but, rather, that their risk aversion increases significantly as the time frame lengthens. Does the U.S. even have the power to hurt China economically? However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. However, it is important to compare and contrast countries to see which policies are working in the best way and what can be changed. Which serves U.S. interests better, a free and democratic China, or an authoritarian China that identifies with U.S. leadership? Responding, however, will only escalate a lose-lose war, and the entire international community will suffer as a result. Unfortunately, you cant copy samples. He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. These are valid points and deserve to be expanded upon in order to enlighten others further. The closing meeting of the fifth session of the 12th National People's Congress is held at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing . Voter suppression has been reported through disenfranchising people of color, through restrictions placed on mail-in voting that can cause irregularities in the system and strict voter ID laws that can contribute to issues that can cause certain people to not place votes(McKeever, 2020). Exploding unemployment exposed the wide wealth gap in U.S. society. Today its traded on the New York Stock Exchange with a market cap of about $45 billion and has more than 800 million unique active users. Lets be honest: A rising China may be a threat to Americas economic and technological supremacy, but not to its national security, because China doesnt export its ideology or political system and doesnt seek regime change anywhere in the world. The benefits are both financial (for example, access to mortgage loans) and social (permission to buy a ticket on one of the new high-speed trains). First name should have at least 2 letters, Phone number should have at least 10 digits, Essay Sample on Exploring Economic Growth: Laws and Challenges, Essay Sample on Creating a Local Government on a Privately-Owned Island, Essay Example on Texas: A State of Pride and Ownership, China and India: Nations' Health Comparison, Infidel and the Influence of Politics on United States Religious Background, Essay Example on Plenary Powers in the US Constitution. They dont know how capitalist China is. ChatGPT has become a sensation since its public release in November, with its ability to produce plausible responses to text prompts, including requests to write essays. Its monetary policy is reasonably tight, with the yield on government bonds about 3.5 times that on U.S. Treasuries. As a result, economic growth came in tandem with social progress (through, for example, legislation protecting individual choice and minority rights), which made it easy to imagine that they were two sides of a coin. Chinas saving rate will drop significantly as its population ages, and investment will slow. Chinas high-speed rail could cover the distance between Boston and Chicago in about four hours, whereas Amtraks fastest service takes 22 hours. For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. Meanwhile, American consumers have paid for the higher tariffs, because the average prices of Chinese exports havent decreased. If you are the original author of this essay and no longer wish to have it published on the Obviously, as an economy develops and new problems emerge, all social systems need certain reforms. Democracy has since then been core in the entire political system (Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016). However, as the world is constantly moving towards a market-based system, the country had to switch to this system that allowed it to increase economic and still maintain its communist status. Westerners failure to appreciate this explains why many still expect China to reduce its role as investor, regulator, and, especially, intellectual property owner when that role is in fact seen as essential by the Chinese government. In fact, many Chinese believe that the countrys recent economic achievementslarge-scale poverty reduction, huge infrastructure investment, and development as a world-class tech innovatorhave come about because of, not despite, Chinas authoritarian form of government. Educated in the United States, he worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan and taught at the Wharton School. Thus many Chinese consumers prefer the short-term gains of the stock market to locking their money away in long-term savings vehicles. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. But much of the technological progress has come from a highly innovative and well-funded military that has invested heavily in Chinas burgeoning new industries. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. Dictatorship, Gun Control: Legal, Psychology and Political Viewpoint, Difference Between Criminal and Civil Court System. Whatever its intentions may be, there's no longer any denying that the Biden administration has double standards towards diversity at home and abroad, which hints at ulterior motives towards one, the other, or perhaps both of these approaches. China and the United States are one of the strongest economies in the world, and both nations are considered superpowers and have contributed significantly to global politics and culture. For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. Great challenges lie ahead. In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. Simmons-Harris Comparative Politics Constitutional Powers Successful Pressure Groups UK and US Constitution Foundations of American Democracy Amendments After the Bill of Rights Articles of Confederation Brutus Papers Checks and Balances Commerce Clause Concurrent Powers Confederation Constitutional Amendment Process Contract with America Conversely, the US law system basis its law from cases held previously and judges uses this as an example when determining most cases that are similar to the present one. Collectivism means that the needs of an individual are not emphasized as compared to those of the society and not until recently, most rights of Chinese citizens were not realized. Looking into the future, the path for China-U.S. cooperation will become more tortuous owing to the nationalist ideological struggle triggered by the coronavirus. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. A Marxist system is concerned primarily with economic outcomes. - Quora Answer (1 of 17): Americans hold the individual in the highest regard, whereas Chinese hold the community in the highest regard. The authors suggest that those assumptions are rooted in three essentially false beliefs about modern China: (1) Economics and democracy are two sides of the same coin; (2) authoritarian political systems cant be legitimate; and (3) the Chinese live, work, and invest like Westerners. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. 10. Business in the United States moves at a different pace from China. Globalization. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. Worse, the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in the face of such fundamental problems. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. Majority of China's production companies are owned and managed by the government. We have both sat in meetings where business executives, particularly in the technology and pharmaceutical sectors, expressed surprise at Chinas insistence that they transfer ownership of their IP to a Chinese company. Recognizing that the authoritarian Marxist-Leninist system is accepted in China as not only legitimate but also effective is crucially important if Westerners are to make more-realistic long-term decisions about how to deal with or invest in the country. This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. There are two political theories that are needed in the discussion, the elite and the pluralist theory. Civic engagement is not just on an individual basis but is also done through the use of groups and communities. The harsh reality of the pandemic has given rise to political competition with characteristics not seen before, sounding the alarm for future bilateral relations. The world will be lifeless and dull if there is only one single model and one single civilization." Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. Chinas Good War: How World War II Is Shaping a New Nationalism. No personal data is being tracked. In other words, it's actually the U.S. that's an ideologically driven state and not China, unlike what the Western mainstream media has falsely claimed in recent years. The differences between people of different cultures far outweigh their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their similarities.. Even in Beijing many people wore Mao suits and cycled everywhere; only senior Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials used cars. Cavusgil, S. T., Ghauri, P. N., & Akcal, A. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. Federal and state governments wrangled and blamed each other over the pandemic response, exposing public discontent with the efficacy and legitimacy of the government, as well as the internal strife in society. The country will need to continue to reform and privatize its state-owned firmsand shift from investment to private consumptionor it will not be able to sustain its growth. That has huge implications for people seeking to do business in China. Western systems are . A candid observer of Asian society and business, Shan is the author of Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America and the newly published Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. Not blaming China means indirectly acknowledging U.S. shortcomings, which could be explosive in U.S. partisan politics. In fact, China is the only G20 country to have posted positive growth. The complete Spotlight package is available in a single reprint. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. At 22,000 miles, it is twice as long as the rest of the worlds combined. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. The continuous growth of technology and infrastructure in many nations has made globalization to reach its climax. Regardless of who wins, it is unlikely that one of the . The Vietnamese premier is very powerful. The Chinese premier less so. And only the U.S. can threaten Americas economic supremacyby underinvesting in its own infrastructure and by limiting trade. That means that despite the trade war, the technology war, and the capital warthe U.S. governments restricting American investment in ChinaChinas GDP will most likely be 10% bigger in 2022 than it was in 2019, whereas the U.S. economy probably will only recover to 2019 levels by 2022, according to the International Monetary Fund. Until Western companies and politicians understand this and revise their views, they will continue to get China wrong. With its democratic society, the U.S. is unable to prevent financial capitalism from swelling, or to take dramatic action against vested interests to formulate a model under which finance and industry mutually optimize and complement one another. They still blame foreign interference for many of their misfortunes, even if it occurred more than a century ago. HBR: Chinas economy seems to be the healthiest in the world at the moment. During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. In that period there has been ruins of buildings as well as joy of victories, rapid advance in success as well as pride, tortuous ordeals and lesions from mistakes done . One reason China can spend so much on infrastructure is that its defense budget, after years of increases, is still only about a quarter that of the United States. Also, the communism in China is affected by the political tradition of ancient Chinese imperial system. All these testify to the strength of the Chinese economy. American companies will do so only if U.S. tariffs become more penalizing than moving would be. Order original essay online with 25% off. This kind of an economy is unattractive and completely represent the aspects of totalitarianism and collectivism. When U.S. power interests change, so does the ideological cover, the most typical being the liberal ideology having come to an end and the U.S. coming up with the notion of fair trade. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bellwether Cases, The Conundrum of Non-Criminalization of Marital Rape in India, Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from Public Administration Viewpoint. The local and minor elections in the country are the only form of citizen engagement that is seen in the political process of China, but there have been many cases of suppression in the minor elections, especially regarding independent candidates. : Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90: Statist Legacies and Market Reforms, 1980-90. The branches of the government are not only responsible for the laws of the land but are also responsible for ensuring free and fair elections and that the citizens of the country that they represent are being heard (USG, 2020). -- The CPC is at the core of the country's leadership and the ruling party, while the non-communist parties are participating parties. What the Chinese government does oppose is the system of electoral democracy as . Under the pressure of aggregated economic inequality brought by globalization, and the army of unemployed people already displaced by new technologies, the U.S. government faces severe structural constraints under the present model of state-market and state-society interactions. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. Similarities and Differences: US vs. China There are both very strikingly similarities and differences compared with their American counterparts in regards to culture and institutions. Changes that have been reported but not yet acted on by BGN are noted. In this system, the courts depend on the set legal codes by which the juries are only allowed to make their judgment basing on these codes. The Peoples Republic of China is still one of the few countries in the world that follow the communist government structure and is led by a one-party system. The Incarcerated Vote. Hence, we need to understand, compare, and learn from leading values in China's political culture. They make three plausible but false assumptions: Democracy is an inevitable consequence of economic development; authoritarian regimes are never seen as legitimate; and the Chinese think, behave, and invest much like anyone in the West. Even though the laws of the United States provide every individual regardless of creed and color to vote, there have been instances of voter suppression reported, especially in relation to minorities, and this oppression has been systemic and has existed throughout the history of the US. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. China is a great example of a country undergoing a transition as not many years ago it used to practice socialism but now it has transitioned to a dynamic market making it have a second largest economy in the entire world overtaking many great nations. Second, the economic structure is different. China has also defied predictions that its authoritarianism would inhibit its capacity to innovate. For example, weve interviewed couples in which the wife jumps into the sea of starting her own businessbecoming one of Chinas many female entrepreneursbecause her husbands stable but lower-paid state-sector job will provide the family with security. Sage. They dont know how socialist it is, with its Social Security system and its policies to tax the rich by collecting capital gains taxes. The United States government structure is one of the largest democracies in the world and has been considered by many as one of the perfect democracies which the country and its citizens have prided themselves over. GM sells more cars in China than in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico combined. World economies keep on changing and countries are also made to change for them to remain competitive. For example, in making the case for why it should be involved in the UKs 5G infrastructure rollout, Huawei styled itself the John Lewis of China, in reference to the well-known British department store that is regularly ranked as one of the UKs most trusted brands. In the early 2010s she started moderating her previously outspoken political comments on Weibo as censorship tightened up. In fact, the pandemic has made the world, Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America, Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. A Chinese professor who has lived in both the US and China believes there is a core cultural difference leading to the country's diverging paths. In other words, the U.S. position as hegemon doesnt necessarily bring it any economic benefits. Thus July 2020 polling data from the Ash Center at Harvards Kennedy School of Government revealed 95% satisfaction with the Beijing government among Chinese citizens. That figure is higher than in all Western countries (for example, only 53% of U.S. individual investors trade this frequently); its also even higher than in neighboring Hong Konganother Han Chinese society with a predilection for gambling and a similar, capital-gains-tax-free regime. they are digging deep to create the city's first metro system and doing so in just five years' time . Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. 9. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. However, the beliefs and positions of political parties change over time, so . Bidens proposals have been criticized as new wine in old bottles, and a kind of tinkering; Trump is regarded by Henry Kissinger as marking the end of an old era. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. The well-being and economic development is another key branch of a political system that affects business operations (Solinger, 2016). But its also conspicuously different: The concept of U.S. hegemony goes beyond economics to such fields as politics, the military and society. Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. Chinas recent history means that Chinese people and the state approach decisions very differently from Westernersin both the time frames they use and the risks they worry about most. It will take years if not decades for China to catch up in some areas, at great cost. Nations without better access to such facilities depend on their agriculture and natural resources to enhance economic growth. . The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. Editor's note: Andrew Korybko is a Moscow-based American political analyst. 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Conspicuously different: the concept of U.S. economic nationalism legal system are extremely similar for people to. Paid for the higher tariffs, because the average prices of Chinese exports havent decreased 2019 market! Play the role of participatory system ( Borner, Brunetti & Weder, 2016 ) Andrew Korybko is a and! Foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, learn... Owns several apartments because the average prices of Chinese exports havent decreased engagement! Partly inspired by the government their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their believe. Has huge implications for people seeking to do business in China the Party state... Woman who is 65 today understand this and revise their views, will. Which could be explosive in U.S. society the country while the U.S. has displayed an institutional helplessness in United... 1.8 trillionless than half that of the political theories that are needed in the early she! Four hours, whereas Beijingers prefer Qing Dynasty fashion exploding unemployment exposed the wide wealth gap in society!
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